0521資組筆記心得

2.4 方法
創建這個模型的方法是FRBR 中採用的實體分析技術。這個概念模型的發展包含以下
幾步：
（1）既從用户任務也從特定領域的用户感興趣的關鍵對象出發分析構建。
（2）關注點並不在個人數據上，而是在數據描述的事物上。為模型創建的每個實體或屬性
的對象在數據集中作為關鍵點提供服務。
（3）在更高一點的層次上，一個實體圖描述的是存在於一個實體類型和另一个實體類型之
間正常存在的關係。
（4）每個實體的重要特徵或屬性將被標識。
（5）每一個屬性和關係都能映射为用户任务。关联值的权重被赋予每个属性和具体任务的
特定参考以及用户感兴趣的对象实体。
在制定这个模型的过程中要遵守上面的这些步骤。用户任务和实体的原始概念分析的背
景由该工作组在给出的附录A 中具体解释。
看附錄A

The method used to build this conceptual model is the entity analysis technique used in
FRBR. The development of such a conceptual model consists of the following steps15:
1) The analysis starts with the user tasks as well as the key objects that are of
interest to users in a specific domain.
2) The attention is not on individual data but on the “things” the data describe. Each
of the objects of interest or entities defined for the model serves as the focal
point for a cluster of data.
3) At a higher level, an entity diagram depicts the relationships that normally hold
between one type of entity and another type of entity.
4) Important characteristics or attributes of each entity are then identified.
5) Each attribute and relationship is mapped to the user tasks. Relative values of
importance are assigned to each attribute and relationship with specific reference
to the task performed and the entity that is the object of the user’s interest.
These steps were followed in the development of this model. The background of the
initial conceptual analysis of user tasks and entities performed by the Group is explained
in detail in Appendix A.

[0521]

THEMA：勉強翻主題
NOMEN：主題的表述

2.4方法
3.2一般框架

完全不考慮書是沒有主題的

P.8的圖FRSD和FRBR的關係

FRSAD實體的條目選擇
文化的中立：主要不要受到圖書館員的文化所影響

THEMA：指的是全部實體
((有圖))

NOMEN：作為稱呼

4.屬性


作主題標目會用到
UMLC：一套語言系統
AAT：藝術與建築敘詞表
範圍和用法不同所以稱呼也不同

NOMEN的類型屬性
一個是標識碼，一個是受控名
概念表：主題標目表：LCSH、DDC、UDC

NOMEN的資料來源
可能有百科全書或字典或名錄

NOMEN的表現
以目前的技術用文字、圖像、聲音來呈現

NOMEN的語言

NOMEN的文字

字符轉換：即用不同表現方式中來翻譯NOMEN的規則系統或標準
編碼方式不同會造成亂碼

FRSAD 模型建立了兩套關係：

1）不同類型的實體：作品—THEMA 和THEMA—NOMEN。這是兩组主要的關係，並且它

們的實體在第3 章節做了展示。

2）相同類型的實體之間的關係：THEMA—THEMA 和NOMEN—NOMEN。本章將詳細展

示這兩组關係。

THEMA是作品的一個主題

THEMA和THEMA之間的關係

主題標目的相關屬性要能充分涵蓋不要移動

關係要能夠清晰展現主題檢索點的方式

分為等級關係、屬種關係、整體部分關係、類例關係、多等級關係、其他等級關係、相關關係

UMLS 中空間相關類型包括位於、相鄰、附近、穿越。

NOMEN和NOMEN之間的關係

等同關係

(因為人性希望多元)

6用戶任務

主題標目的使用者在於

圖書館員是在元資料(編目的書目記錄)和標題的創建者

6.1圖

6.1 Users and Use

During the early stages of developing the entity-relationship conceptual model of subject

authority records, the FRSAR Working Group considered it essential to analyze the users

of subject authority data, to identify the contexts in which the data is used, and to

characterize different usage scenarios.

Potential user groups include:

a) information professionals who create and maintain subject authority data,

including cataloguers and controlled vocabulary creators;

b) information professionals who create and maintain metadata;

c) reference services librarians and other information professionals who search

for information as intermediaries; and

d) end-users who search for information to fulfil their information needs.

Intermediaries (group c) act on behalf of end-users (group d). They interact with the

bibliographic data in a similar way as end-users (although at a higher level of expertise).

Therefore, for the purpose of this use analysis the intermediaries and end-users are

considered belonging to the same end-user group.

6.2 User Tasks

When using subject authority data, a user may need to find, identify, and select a subject

entity or entities. A user may also choose to explore a subject domain and its terminology

as well as the relationships that exist among the themas. In addition, the user may explore

the correlation of the nomen(s) of a thema in one subject authority system to the

respective nomen(s) of the same thema in another subject authority system.

Based on the results from the two user studies conducted by the User Tasks Sub-Group,

four tasks for subject authority data have been defined:

• Find one or more subjects and/or their appellations, that correspond(s) to the user’s

stated criteria, using attributes and relationships;

• Identify a subject and/or its appellation based on their attributes or relationships (i.e.,

to distinguish between two or more subjects or appellations with similar

characteristics and to confirm that the appropriate subject or appellation has been

found);

• Select a subject and/or its appellation appropriate to the user’s needs (i.e., to choose

or reject based on the user's requirements and needs);

• Explore relationships between subjects and/or their appellations (e.g., to explore

relationships in order to understand the structure of a subject domain and its

terminology).

The explore user task is a new task introduced in FRSAD; whereas the find, identify, and

select user tasks have been previously introduced in the FRBR and/or FRAD conceptual

models. The subject authority data use survey conducted by FRSAR's User Tasks Sub-

Group indicates that a large number of participants (69%) use subject authority data to

explore relationships among terms during cataloguing and metadata creation. In addition,

62% of participants use subject authority data to explore relationships while searching for

bibliographic resources, and 64% use these data to navigate and browse bibliographic

descriptions. These numbers reflect a major use of subject authority data for a task that

was not present in the FRAD and FRBR models; therefore, the group deemed it

important to add the explore user task.

見主題標目的的目的在查找、識別和選擇....

用戶的任務有查找、識別、選擇、探究

最終目標在於讀者

探究是FRSAD加進來的

功能需求(FRBR)

((沒有實際規則可追尋))

用戶任務的相對評估值

P.21那個要讀

6.4((有表格))

6.2：NOMEN 映射表

FRSAR展示和FRBR框架中作品的關於相關概念模型

附錄A：FRBR圖

A.2 保留一點彈性可自己做

FRBR需和其他兩份一起看才會成熟

附錄D看一下

P.35國會圖書館=美國國會圖書館

主題標目的規範一樣用編目機讀格式來寫

EX：

010=國會圖書館控制號

040=編目源

053=國會圖書館分類號

$c=解釋性詞（說明主題）

150=標目—主題款目

450=見根查来源主題款目（非規範的形式或條目的變體）

550=參見根查來源主題款目

$a=主題款目或款目元素的地理名稱

$w=控制子字段，g=上位詞

國會圖書館控制號：sh85083794